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GENTAUR Europe BVBA Voortstraat 49, 1910 Kampenhout BELGIUM Tel 0032 16 58 90 45 Fax 0032 16 50 90 45 This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
GENTAUR BULGARIA
53 Iskar Str. 1191 Kokalyane, Sofia
Tel 0035924682280
Fax 0035929830072
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GENTAUR France SARL
9, rue Lagrange, 75005 Paris
Tel 01 43 25 01 50
Fax 01 43 25 01 60
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GmbH Marienbongard 20
52062 Aachen Deutschland
Tel (+49) 0241 56 00 99 68
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GENTAUR Ltd.
Howard Frank Turnberry House
1404-1410 High Road
Whetstone London N20 9BH
Tel 020 3393 8531
Fax 020 8445 9411
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GENTAUR Poland Sp. z o.o.
ul. Grunwaldzka 88/A m.2
81-771 Sopot, Poland
Tel 058 710 33 44
Fax 058 710 33 48
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GENTAUR Nederland BV
Kuiper 1
5521 DG Eersel Nederland
Tel 0208-080893
Fax 0497-517897
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GENTAUR SRL IVA IT03841300167
Piazza Giacomo Matteotti, 6, 24122 Bergamo
Tel 02 36 00 65 93
Fax 02 36 00 65 94
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GENTAUR Spain
Tel 0911876558
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Genprice Inc, Logistics
547, Yurok Circle
San Jose, CA 95123
Phone/Fax:
(408) 780-0908
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GENPRICE Inc. invoicing/ accounting:
6017 Snell Ave, Suite 357
San Jose, CA. 96123
Serbia, Macedonia,
Montenegro, Croatia:
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GENTAUR Romania
Tel 0035929830070
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GENTAUR Greece
Tel 00302111768494
Fax 0032 16 50 90 45
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Cancer cells appear to change while moving throughout body
For the majority of cancer patients, it's not the primary tumor that is deadly, but the spread or "metastasis" of cancer cells from the primary tumor to secondary locations throughout the body that is the problem. That's why a major focus of contemporary cancer research is how to stop or fight metastasis.
Previous lab studies suggest that metastasizing cancer cells undergo a major molecular change when they leave the primary tumor -- a process called epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As the cells travel from one site to another, they pick up new characteristics. More importantly, they develop a resistance to chemotherapy that is effective on the primary tumor. But confirmation of the EMT process has only taken place in test tubes or in animals.
In a new study, published in the Journal of Ovarian Research, Georgia Tech scientists have direct evidence that EMT takes place in humans, at least in ovarian cancer patients. The findings suggest that doctors should treat patients with a combination of drugs: those that kill cancer cells in primary tumors and drugs that target the unique characteristics of cancer cells spreading through the body.
The researchers looked at matching ovarian and abdominal cancerous tissues in seven patients. Pathologically, the cells looked exactly the same, implying that they simply fell off the primary tumor and spread to the secondary site with no changes. But on the molecular level, the cells were very different. Those in the metastatic site displayed genetic signatures consistent with EMT. The scientists didn't see the process take place, but they know it happened.
"It's like noticing that a piece of cake has gone missing from your kitchen and you turn to see your daughter with chocolate on her face," said John McDonald, director of Georgia Tech's Integrated Cancer Research Center and lead investigator on the project. "You didn't see her eat the cake, but the evidence is overwhelming. The gene expression patterns of the metastatic cancers displayed gene expression profiles that unambiguously identified them as having gone through EMT."
The EMT process is an essential component of embryonic development and allows for reduced cell adhesiveness and increased cell movement.
According to Benedict Benigno, collaborating physician on the paper, CEO of the Ovarian Cancer Institute and director of gynecological oncology at Atlanta's Northside Hospital, "These results clearly indicate that metastasizing ovarian cancer cells are very different from those comprising the primary tumor and will likely require new types of chemotherapy if we are going to improve the outcome of these patients."
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant of all gynecological cancers and responsible for more than 14,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. It often reveals no early symptoms and isn't typically diagnosed until after it spreads.
"Our team is hopeful that, because of the new findings, the substantial body of knowledge that has already been acquired on how to block EMT and reduce metastasis in experimental models may now begin to be applied to humans," said Georgia Tech graduate student Loukia Lili, co-author of the study.
Duloxetine reduces painful neuropathy
Antidepressant duloxetine effectively treat peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy showed a phase III clinical study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
According to Ellen Smith of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, after 5 weeks of treatment, patients receiving duloxetine experienced a significant reduction in morbidity compared with placebo.
Peripheral neuropathy occurs in 20-40% of patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy. Such fees are (paclitaxel, docetaxel, etc.)., Vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine) and platinum compounds (cisplatin, oxaliplatin, etc.).. The condition can persist for years after treatment and greatly reduced quality of life.
Previous studies have shown that inhiborite reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine (class of antidepressants) have the potential to influence the state. Duloxetine also is known to reduce morbidity and diabetic neuropathy.
In order to clarify the properties of duloxetine, the researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 220 patients with stage I or greater sensory neuropathy induced by anti-cancer therapy. All participants were over the age of 25 and assessed their painful 10-ball standard scale, three months after the completion of a chemotherapy course. Half the patients received duloxetine and half - placebo, allocation is done randomly. The soreness was re-assessed after the study.
The end result of the study shows that 5-week treatment with duloxetine significantly reduces morbidity in peripheral neuropathy. This, in turn, enhances the quality of life and employability of patients. The benefits of duloxetine seem greatest for people who have completed chemotherapy with platinum compounds.
The most common side effects of duloxetine documented during the study were fatigue, insomnia and nausea.
Although good design of the study does not include follow-up of patients for an extended period, so it is impossible to tell how lasting are the effects of duloxetine in this indication.