With the combination of myxoma virus and medications that suppress the immune system, it is possible to beat Glioblastoma multiforme - the most common and most lethal form of brain tumor, known to medicine.

According to Dr. Peter Forsythe from the Center for Cancer Research "Moffitt" this therapy is effective even in the stage of the disease that many physicians would accept for the terminal. Another big plus of successful research is that the new treatment removes one of the most serious obstacles exist to date in the treatment of brain cancer: resistance to temozolomide.

The new therapy is seen as a "target" for the oncolytic virus invades and destroys only the cancer cells, while chemotherapy affect any tissue of the patient. Myxoma virus that causes virulent diseases in rabbits will be used together with the immunosuppressant rapamycin.

The precise mechanism by which rapamycin affects the infectious process in tumor cells is not yet well understood, but it is certainly effective - application in laboratory tests contribute to the destruction of more than 89% of the tumor cells by the virus.

Therapy is now a candidate for clinical trials in humans, but the members of the research group carried out the study were confident of success. Florida State University, Texas, Calgary and the Center for Cancer Research of Ottawa devoted his most brilliant oncologists who are on track to achieve a revolution in the treatment of brain cancer.

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The most deadly form of skin cancer - melanoma, has its unique signature of chemicals found scientists from Monell Chemical Senses Center and the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. The survey can help opening new, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of melanoma at an early stage. The discovery was published in the special report in the journal Journal of Chromatography B.

Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous type of skin cancer. It is characterized by rapid growth and early spread to other parts of the body.
Melanoma is a typical black because melamine synthesized by the cells. However, there are colorless (leuco-melanoma), in the course of their malignant tumor cell degeneration have lost the ability to synthesize a pigment. These melanomas usually more malignant than black.

The relationship between the melanoma cells is very weak. They are easily removed from the tumor and were brought through the blood or lymph. Therefore melanoma metastasizes very early and abundantly throughout the body - regional lymph nodes, internal organs, muscles, bones, brain, and if the patient has other cancers - even in them. Likewise, melanoma cells are generally well-differentiated, which makes them less sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and reduces the immune response against them, and this contributes to the rapid growth of the tumor.

For his research team scientists from University of Pennsylvania used the samples grown in the laboratory melanomas in three stages of development, and healthy cells. Once individual samples proved that there are significant differences in the concentration of certain chemicals that produce odors between normal cells and those infected with melanomas.

Researchers are even able to "see" the differences between different types of melanoma cells from detaching from their chemical signatures.

FDA has approved two drugs to GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of advanced melanoma - the most aggressive skin cancer patients with specific genetic mutations. Regulatory approvals, and diagnostic test for demonstrating these mutations.
 
The drugs are approved for administration separately, once in two separate clinical trials, they showed delayed tumor growth.

After decades of virtually no progress in the fight against advanced melanoma, two new drugs celebrated turn in favor of medicine. Over the past two years, FDA has approved a total of 4 new drugs this indication.
 
Each year in the U.S. from melanoma ill about 75 000 people. The mortality rate is around 9,000 to 10,000 per year.
 
Forecast sales for each of the two new drugs are about 350 million dollars a year.

It is possible soon to be established treatment for cocaine dependence. Researchers at Cornell University, have developed a vaccine which prevents cocaine enters the brain and cause euphoria, thus helps the treatment of addiction. The vaccine provides effective treatment, even if the intake of cocaine to be repeated occasionally.

Cornell researchers have successfully implemented vaccine in animal models and are very close to clinical trials in humans. According to Dr. Ronald Crystal, research should begin by the end of the year.

Cocaine blocks the reverse capture of dopamine in the synaptic cleft, which connect the nerve cells to each other. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that creates a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment. Increasing levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft is responsible for the euphoria that occurs after taking cocaine.

It prevents the excessive accumulation of domapin in synapses. It contains inactivated viruses on which is "attached" substance chemically resembling cocaine. This allows the immune system to recognize cocaine and his relatives compounds that neutralize it.

For the occurrence of cocaine euphoria necessary cocaine molecules to occupy at least 47% of the dopamine in nerve cells. Of the vaccine in human primates show that cocaine molecules able to occupy less than 20% of dopamine transporters.

Researchers expect the vaccine to be effective in humans, but still can not say how often you should be administered to maintain its effect. For now, just be sure that it will be necessary to apply booster doses.
 
According to official data, in the U.S. there are 1.9 million people using cocaine, 1.4 million of whom are dependent on it. Every year there are over 2 million visits to emergency departments due to drug abuse. Almost 500,000 of them are making the cocaine. Anti-cocaine vaccine has the potential to drastically reduce this number.

The dream of many scientists to create a vaccine against AIDS has failed. National Institutes of Health in the U.S. announced that it attempts to immunize volunteers with an experimental vaccine known as HVTN 505 is officially terminated, since it is clear that it does not prevent infection.

Clinical trial began in 2009 and since then, 1,250 voluntary participants received vaccine and 1244 others - control infusion of placebo, both groups over a period of 24 weeks. Among all the volunteers in total, so far has 41 infected with HIV than those who received the vaccine and 30 infected than those who received placebo. The study focused mainly people who have unprotected sex.

Vaccine strategy using "double whammy" that aimed to strengthen the immune system. Three initial injections are placed initially, and after 16 weeks - another injection containing genetic material which creates a molecule of the type produced by HIV in order to induce a response in the immune system against viruses. Scientists say the vaccine itself did not cause infection. After presenting the matter collected data and results collected until mid-April at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which sponsored the clinical trial recommended stopping the attempt to create the vaccine. Volunteers will be monitored for 5 years, and the data will be analyzed for further information.

A single drug may be an effective therapy for a number of different viral diseases such as Ebola and rabies, a new study published in Cell Chemistry and Biology.

John Connor - a virologist at the University of Boston, USA, and co-author of the article, explains that his research team study the vesicular stomatitis virus, a close relative of the Ebola virus, but not as deadly. It turns out that several viruses, including rabies, mumps, vesicular stomatitis virus and NICA (deadly pathogen spread by bats) use the same method to reproduce in human cells. This led scientists to start looking for a substance that can stop the replication process of these viruses.

The result - the first broad-spectrum antiviral compound that stops the playback of a variety of viruses through disruption of the synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid. Although up to a medicinal product used in humans will probably take at least several years of laboratory research and as many clinical studies, the discovery is a major breakthrough in anti-infective and, in particular - antivirus, therapy with the potential to change the treatment of many of the most serious viral diseases.

Medicine for the treatment of cancer based on a virus destroying tumor cells for the first time successfully passed clinical trials in advanced stage, said U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturer Amgen.

A statement from the company product has achieved the main objective of the Phase III clinical trial in patients with advanced melanoma - the most aggressive type of skin cancer. The results showed that 16% of patients who received treatment had a significant tumor poured lasting six months or more, compared with only 2% of the control group.

A spokesman for the company declined to say whether the company will apply for registration to the FDA on the basis of this study.

It contains the virus Talimogene laherparepvec, genetically modified in a way that causes him to multiply only in rapidly growing cells. The product is injected directly into the tumor, after which the virus enters the cancer cells and causes them to synthesize large amounts of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor - the hormone that stimulates the maturation of immune cells. When cancerous cells die, they release new amounts of virus and acquired therein colony stimulating factor, which boost the immune system.

The study was conducted in 400 patients, two thirds of whom received injections every two weeks. The rest of the participants received injections only granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor. According to Dr. Anthony Ribas, melanoma specialist at the University of Los Angeles, the study results are positive, but it is uncertain whether sufficient authorization for use.

According to a report published in the Annals of Oncology, women with Herr-2 positive breast cancer who received trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy are at significantly increased risk of metastases in the central nervous system as a first recurrence of the tumor.

According to Dr. Erin Olson, a neurologist at Ohio State University and author of the study, trastuzumab significantly reduced the risk of recurrence, but clinicians should be aware that it increases the risk of them occur in the nervous system. Physicians should carefully monitor patients for neurologic symptoms.

It is suggested that the nervous system is the "refuge" for micro metastatic tumors because trastuzumab does not cross the blood-brain barrier or because tumor cells that do not overexpress Herr-2 receptor migrate more easily into the brain.

In previous studies, Dr. Olson and her team showed that anti Herr-2 targeted therapies increase the frequency of brain metastases. This spurred her to investigate the relationship between brain metastases and trastuzumab. The team analyzed four Phase III clinical trials with a total of 9,020 participants.

Since 4921 women receiving trastuzumab, 125 relapse in the breast (incidence of 2.56%). Of 4099 women who received trastuzumab, 78 relapse of the tumor in the brain (1.94%). In patients treated with trastuzumab treatment brain metastases / total metastases is 16.94 / 100, while those treated with other adjuvant is 8.33 / 100.